Teaching with Political Cartoons

Political cartoons show up a lot in social studies curricula, including textbooks, worksheets, and now standardized state and national exams. In these cases, students are asked to analyze the cartoon's content or the cartoonist's point of view. In classroom instruction, teachers might try to "diversify" their instruction and have students create their own cartoon related to a historical or current event. The following sources provide some guidance for one way to include political cartoons as an authentic and legitimate part of any social studies teacher's instruction.

No Laughing Matter from the Library of Congress

As a way to teach critical thinking, the Center for Media Literacy has built a curriculum around five key questions. All of these queries apply to analyzing any source--an advertisement, a newspaper article, or a political cartoon--but an important question is #2, "What creative techniques are used to catch my attention?" To further conceptualize this analysis, the Library of Congress has created a web-based activity, "No Laughing Matter," to help students evaluate cartoons with five basic concepts: Labeling, Irony, Analogy, Exaggeration, and Irony. I point out these concepts because they provide a helpful framework students can apply to any cartoon (or written source, for that matter). For example, "How does this cartoonist use irony to illustrate her point of view?"

Created at Toondoo (click image to enlarge it)

Finally, students need not be a professional artist to create stunning political cartoons. A free online tool, Toondoo Maker, on the Toondoo site allows them to select from hundreds of images to construct their own visual commentary on a historical or current event. Teachers can then require their students to describe how they used irony or analogy to make a visual argument. I've uploaded an example I recently created on the topic of immigration.

Constitution Day is September 17th

Center for Civic Education

Constitution Day is September 17. Here are a few resources that may be of interest. First, the Center for Civic Education is offering several PK-12 Constitution lessons. (All are free pdf downloads.)

There are also a number of other free sample lesson plans for civics education from the Center for Civic Education. A general search for sample lessons will give you several options. Here are some of the highlights from this search:

• POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT: THE CASE OF LATVIA
• Lesson 6: What are the Possible Consequences of Privacy?
• Lesson 1: Why do we need a government?
• Responsibility
• Lesson 28: How Can Citizens Participate?
  
• Lesson 15: What Conflicting Opinions Did the Framers Have about the Completed Constitution?

Semantic Constitution

Another resource for working directly with the pivotal U.S. government document is the Semantic Constitution. This site allows you to sort information in the Constitution by article and topic (e.g., debt, religion, veto).

Choices Program

Finally, a multimedia approach for instruction is available at the Choices site. Here, for example, students can see videos of interviews with scholars Gordon Wood and Michael Vorenberg as they discuss issues related to the American Revolution and the U.S. Constitution. In one excerpt, Gordon Wood answers the question, "How was the American Revolution more radical than the founders had intended?"

Economics Concepts and Lesson Plan Ideas

Economics is an often overlooked, yet equally important, discipline in the social sciences. Here are a few helpful links for resources. First, this site provides a nice overview of Economics Concepts, including definitions. Secondly, the Council for Economics Education provides several helpful resources, including a list of lesson plans arranged (or retrievable) by grade level, economics concept, and national economics standard. At last count, the website boasts a total 648 lessons available for your perusal. Finally, The Mint has a lot of helpful online activities to illustrate basic economics concepts.

Kate Brigham on Media Literacy

Here, the learner can manipulate the size, color, and "wash"
(in this case red) for the image used to accompany a news article.

Above is the original photograph that accompanied
the article titled, "Why Do They Hate Us?"

It's interesting how the focus for the same "Hate" article is
altered with the selection of another photograph.

An old colleague, Kate Brigham, created this fantastic interactive website for her thesis project concerning media literacy. A great way to teach how advertisers, photographers, and general media editors use creative techniques to sway opinions or catch your attention is to let students manipulate sources. Several activities on Kate's site allow for this exploration. The learner can see firsthand how zoom, color, font size, and image selection, to name a few, present a point of view. These somewhat subtle techniques often go unnoticed but are key to critically evaluating any type of source, text or image.

See the World via Worldmapper

Land Area via Worldmapper

Extinct Species via Worldmapper

Worldmapper is a great site to help students visualize basic statistical data about the world. Go to the "Map Categories" section to find the various types of maps available, including categories such as Goods, Movement, Poverty, and Death, to name few. For example, under Disasters, you'll find maps that depict the proportion of the population killed by extreme temperatures compared to those killed by drought. Or look under Destruction for extinct species. For "lighter" topics, compare the world poplation of 1500 to 1960. There are myriad opportunities for exploration here.

Popular Science Magazine Archives

1923

1967

1981

Google books is amazing. A good example of a resource they have digitized (and made available for free!!!) is Popular Science Magazine. Although it may not be a common source in the social studies classroom, the topics covered in this magazine could provide the perfect opportunity to collaborate with teachers in the life, earth, and physical sciences. Users can browse issues from the 1870s to the present. Each issue is filled with technology that was cutting edge "back in the day" (e.g., check out what's new with televisions in September 1967). Also, the advertisements are very telling of the time, past and present. One suggestion for an activity is having students explore how different amenities evolved (and, in some cases, went extinct). Take agricultural practices, as an example. Or even better, have students explore contemporary topics such as energy use and production. They might be surprised to see that a cover from the 1920s (December 1923) that presents the potential for wind powering our cities. Furthermore, a more fuel efficient car isn't that new after all (February 1981).

URLs for Creating Art, Comic Strips, Newsletters...

Here are a few of my favorite free programs for creating digital cartoon strips, collages, and other images.

Collage Maker I (Collage)
Collage Maker II (Collage)
Creating a Still Life (Still Lifes)
ToonDoo (Comic Strips)
Letter Pop (Newsletters)